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AbouRizk, S M, Halpin, D W and Wilson, J R (1991) Visual Interactive Fitting of Beta Distributions. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 117(04), 589–605.

Abudayyeh, O Y and Rasdof, W J (1991) Design of Construction Industry Information Management Systems. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 117(04), 698–715.

Bernold, L E and Treseler, J F (1991) Vendor Analysis for Best Buy in Construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 117(04), 645–58.

Cole, L J R (1991) Construction Scheduling: Principles, Practices, and Six Case Studies. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 117(04), 579–88.

De La Garza, J M and Mitropoulos, P (1991) . Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 117(04), 736–55.

De La Garza, J M, Vorster, M C and Parvin, C M (1991) Total Float Traded as Commodity. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 117(04), 716–27.

  • Type: Journal Article
  • Keywords: Change orders; Claims; Critical path method; Litigation; Scheduling;
  • ISBN/ISSN: 0733-9364
  • URL: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1991)117:4(716)
  • Abstract:
    Total float is a by‐product of critical‐path‐method calculations. It represents the length of time that an activity's finish date may be delayed without affecting the completion date of the entire project. Disputes over the existence of total float and its ownership are at the core of most claims involving change‐order work. While some tribunals have ruled in favor of contractors, others have held for owners on very similar facts. This paper is motivated by practical experience with problems concerning float. The paper acknowledges the fact that total float is beneficial to both owners and contractors. It does so by proposing ways of making its commercial trade‐in‐opportunity value explicit. Contract language is also introduced that will allow the trading of total float as a commodity. Such contract language grants the contractor the right to administer total float, imposes on the contractor the obligation to disclose its value and trade it on demand.

de Neufville, R and King, D (1991) Risk and Need‐for‐Work Premiums in Contractor Bidding. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 117(04), 659–73.

Kakoto, T and Skibniewski, M (1991) Engineering Decision Support of Automated Shield Tunneling. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 117(04), 674–90.

Moselhi, O, Hegazy, T and Fazio, P (1991) Neural Networks as Tools in Construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 117(04), 606–25.

Reinschmidt, K F, Griffis, F H ( and Bronner, P L (1991) Integration of Engineering, Design, and Construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 117(04), 756–72.

Riggs, L S and Hills, J W (1991) Implications for U.S. Construction Companies in 1992 European Community. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 117(04), 773–90.

Rowings, J E (1991) Project‐Controls Systems Opportunities. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 117(04), 691–7.

Sanders, S R and Thomas, H R (1991) Factors Affecting Masonry‐Labor Productivity. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 117(04), 626–44.

Touran, A (1991) Modeling Uncertainty in Operations with Nonstationary Cycle Times. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 117(04), 728–35.